Ultradian Rhythms free essay sample

Ultradian rhythms are bodily rhythms that last less than 24 hours. The most obvious ultradian rhythm is the different stages of sleep, existing within the ciradian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep is dived into cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes. During these cycles, we will experience 5 different stages of sleep- the first four being characterized as non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), and the last stage being characterized as rapid eye movement sleep (REM). When human beings are awake, the electrical activity in their brain usually takes the form of fast, erratic brain waves. These waves are known as beta waves. During stage 1 of sleep, the brains electrical activity begins to change, with the brain waves becoming more slow and regular. This demonstrates that the persons mind is beginning to relax, and these waves are known as alpha waves. The presence of alpha waves in the brain can usually be used to indicate that the onset of sleep has occurred, and that the person is no longer awake. We will write a custom essay sample on Ultradian Rhythms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As well as a change in electrical activity, the persons core body temperature will also drop and their heart-beat slow down. As the sleeper goes into Stage 2 of sleep, their brain waves become even slower and a greater amplitude. These are called theta waves. This shows that the brain is becoming increasingly more relaxed. During this stage of sleep, it is common to experience sudden bursts of brain activity: known as K complexes and sleep spindles. Stages 1 and 2 of sleep are commonly referred to as being as being light sleep. This means that people in these stages of sleep can be easily awoken by external factors such as noise. Stages 3 and 4 of sleep are characterized by even slower brain waves, known as delta waves. Stages 3 and 4 are often referred to as being slow-wave sleep (SWS)- and sleep during this time is far more deep than in the previous two stages. However, the sleeper has not reached a state of unconsciousness, and can still be woken up by certain external factors (eg. Parents being woek nby the sound of their baby crying). These are the stages of sleep where most of the bodies physiological repair work occurs. It can also be associated with biochemical changes, such as the release of growth hormone taking place during this time. In these first four stages of NREM sleep, dreams have been shown to be unlikely to occur. During a study by Dement and Klietman, in which participants were woken up when their brain waves indicated certain stages of sleep, it was shown that only around 7% of participants had reported having dreams when their brain activity had indicated the stages of NREM sleep. Stage 5 of sleep, the final stage in the sleep cycle before it repeats, is known as REM sleep. This the stage of sleep where brain activity is most like that of the awake brain. It is also the stage of sleep where most dreams are likely to occur.

Corporate Social Responsibility Program Essays

Corporate Social Responsibility Program Essays Corporate Social Responsibility Program Paper Corporate Social Responsibility Program Paper Essay Topic: The Social Contract Is corporate social responsibility a new business trend or perhaps a source for competitive advantage? It definitely is a catchphrase of the early 21st century business. The impact of business on the social and natural environment has been more or less under discussion for the past 40 years but in recent years it has become one of the most relevant issues in the business environment. Investors, academics, NGOs and business consultants are all talking about corporate social responsibility. In this report, I attempt to show the corporate social responsibility program at Deutsche Post DHL from a self-reporting and an outside-image view. Moreover, I will introduce the different levels of CSR as well as the conflict between Corporate Social Performance (CSP) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). Furthermore, I will discuss the moral foundation of Deutsche Post DHL. In my proposition, the paper will be divided into the following three main parts: critical analysis of the Deutsche Post DHL program, CSR debates and moral foundation. The first part will show the diversity of social engagements at Deutsche Post DHL. I intend to point out the three main focus areas – environment, disaster management and education, rather than focusing on individual projects. Furthermore, this section should include an overview of the positive and negative critique of the CSR program at Deutsche Post DHL. The second part will deal with the conflict between CSR and CFP and Corporate Social Performance (CRP). Subsequently to the theory, I will answer two questions: 1. Does Deutsche Post DHL benefit from its social and environmental activities? 2. What CSP-levels did Deutsche Post DHL reach so far? The last part explains the moral philosophy of Aristotle and to what extend the CSR program of Deutsche Post DHL is based on this moral foundation. As a result, I aim to demonstrate that on the one hand, the company is able to help the society and to minimize its negative impact on the environment. On the other hand, the company is trying to maximize its profit. At the end, I conclude that Deutsche Post DHL is seriously engaging in corporate social responsibility but the company does not stop thinking about its financial performance. 2. Introduction The discussion about companies’ social and corporate responsibility is gaining importance in the past years. The state, employees and other stakeholders demand more than profit maximization. Companies are asked to operate socially responsible. The fundamental idea is about a give-and-take basis. A variety of companies recognized already the importance of giving and they are presenting themselves as socially responsible. But many of them are doing it, because they want to get a profit out of it. Through a look inside a company, one can observe that at the back of obvious social activities, companies are profit maximizing with their engagements. In order to identify the exact reasons, why a company may engage in CSR, this report will focus on a single company – Deutsche Post DHL. Deutsche Post DHL is the world’s leading postal and logistics group. Its integrated DHL and Deutsche Post brands offer comprehensive services in international express, air and ocean freight, road and rail transportation and contract logistics. Deutsche Post is Germanys only universal provider of postal services and delivers mail and parcel in Germany and the world. The Group generated revenue of more than 46 billion Euros in 2009 with over 470,000 employees in more than 220 countries and territories (cf. Annual Report, 2009). As such, Deutsche Post DHL has a special responsibility to use its core expertise to the benefit of society and to continuously minimize its negative impact on the environment. 3. Methods The purpose of this paper is to obtain knowledge about CSR and to analyze the CSR program at Deutsche Post DHL critically. Therefore, I will illustrate how Deutsche Post DHL presents its CSR program. I intend to point out the three main focus areas – environment, disaster management and education, rather than focusing on individual projects. Additionally, this part will give a summary of the positive and negative critique of the CSR program at Deutsche Post DHL. With these critiques, one will be able to prove the reliability of the CSR program at Deutsche Post DHL. In the second section, I will focus on the conflict between the stakeholders and the shareholders perspective. Furthermore, I will give an overview of the different elements in Corporate Social Performance: social responsibility, social responsiveness and social issues. Subsequently to the theory, the report will demonstrate how Deutsche Post DHL implemented the theory. Additionally, the report aims to show Deutsche Post DHL’s level of CSP. After the CSR debates, the report will introduce the morale ideas of Aristotle and how the Deutsche Post DHL’s CSR program bases on these ideas. Due to the word limit, this report will not include other morale foundations such as Machiavelli, Rousseau or Locke. The last part will summarize the results before there will be a final conclusion. 4. How does Deutsche Post DHL present its CSR program? In 2006, Deutsche Post DHL introduced a code of conduct which is compulsory in all regions and all departments. â€Å"The key pillars of this code of conduct are respect, tolerance, honesty and candor as well as willingness to assume social responsibility. The guidelines apply to all employees, irrespective of their place in the Groups hierarchy, and to divisions† (Deutsche Post DHL, 2010). Additionally, Deutsche Post DHL has chosen â€Å"Living Responsibility† (Sustainability Report, 2009) as its motto, which ought to symbolize its variety of initiatives in the areas of environmental protection, disaster management and education. â€Å"They are designed to increase the employees’ motivation and their identification with the company as well as to make the group more well-known and respected and to improve its competitive position† (Annual Report, 2009). 4. 1. Environmental Protection Go Green In 2008, Deutsche Post DHL initiated its ambitious GoGreen climate protection program. The company’s goal is to â€Å"reduce CO2 emissions for every letter and parcel sent, every tonne of cargo transported and for every square meter of warehouse space used by 30% by 2020 (compared to our 2007 baseline)† (Deutsche Post DHL, 2010). Since the transport-related CO2 emissions are determined and offset through internal reduction measures and external climate protection projects, Deutsche Post DHL became the first logistics company offering carbon neutral packages. Furthermore, the company invented a pilot project with new transporters which are using less fuel and alternatives to fossil fuels (cf. Deutsche Post DHL, 2010). 4. 2. Disaster Management Go Help Due to comprehensive expertise in logistics and the high profile worldwide, Deutsche Post DHL is well prepared for helping at natural disasters. Deutsche Post DHL’s support focuses on two core areas: Logistics support after natural disasters and disaster preparedness. Primarily, the task of DHL Disaster Response Teams (DRT) is to eliminate shortages in the disaster area. For that reason, trained logistic experts are going into the affected areas and to the airports respectively in order to coordinate activities. These experts see to it that the transport of substantial relief goods such as food, medicine and sanitary articles is ongoing – even if there is no infrastructure (cf.Deutsche Post DHL, 2010).After these teams are requested by the UN-Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), they are ready for action within 72 hours. There are three teams, which form a network covering almost all regions in the world that are affected by natural disasters on a regular basis. Furthermore, Deutsche Post DHL supports locals, who are responsible for disaster preparedness. For optimal trainings, Deutsche Po st DHL cooperates with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Together they invented the program Get Airports Ready for Disaster (GARD), which prepares airports to handle the flow of incoming relief goods (cf. Deutsche Post DHL, 2010). 4. 3. Education Programs Go Teach Alongside the focus areas environment and disaster management, education is the third focus area at Deutsche Post DHL. The company believes that â€Å"Education is key to our childrens future and our own success as the worlds leading logistics company and one of the largest employers worldwide† (Deutsche Post DHL, 2010). Therefore, Deutsche Post DHL is cooperating with Teach First Deutschland in Germany. Teach First Deutschland is an initiative launched in 2009. By working in a secondary school for two years as Fellows, outstanding university graduates help to ensure that even children and youths with fewer opportunities get a chance to move up. (cf. Teach First, 2010). Additionally, Deutsche Post DHL wants to encourage its engagements in education all over the world. 5. How does the environment respond to Deutsche Post DHL’s CSR Program? During the past years, Deutsche Post DHL obtained awards and positive critique as well as negative critique for its CSR program and its efforts.

Apologia Marine Essay Example for Free

Apologia Marine Essay 1. Definitions a. Metabolism- The process by whichc a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain itself, develop and grow. b. Photosynthesis-the process by which an organism uses the energy from the sun to produce its own food c. Autotrophs- organisms that are able to produce their own food d. Heterotrophs- organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms e. respiration — the process by which food is converted into usable energy for life functions f. homeostasis — the tendency of living organisms to control or regulate changes in their internal environment g. diffusion — the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration h. osmosis — the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane i. osmoconformer — and organisms that allows its internal concentration of salts to change in order to match the external concentration of salts in the surrounding water j. Osmo regulator — an organism that regulates its internal concentration of salts k. Poikilotherm- an organism whose body temperature changes with its surrounding environment l. ectotherm — an organism whose body temperature is controlled by its surrounding environment m. homeotherm- an animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling of mechanisms n. Endotherm- an animal whose internal body temperature is a result of internal sources of heat o. a sexual reproduction — reproduction accomplished by a single organism p. sexual reproduction — reproduction that involves the union of gametes from two organisms: a male and a female q. binomial nomenclature — identifying an organism by a genus and species name 2. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids 3. oxygen levels would be lower at night than during the day 4. no, they must feed on extra material made by photos synthesizing plants 5. no, both groups containing organisms like that 6. population 7. water will travel through osmosis to the outside 8. the body fluids would change. There would be more concentration of  dissolved substances in the body 9. no. They could have warm blood if their environment is warm 10. yes 11. no 12. the plant from the cutting 13. the cell with 24 chromosomes 14. the cell with 12 chromosomes 15. yes Apologia Marine. (2016, Mar 10). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Math Homeworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Math Homeworks - Essay Example leted the correlation would increase as this means the X rays which had the highest student rank will be omitted thus leaving a minimal difference between the student rank and the experts rank. Both variables may result from a common cause. From the outline, to have good grades does not necessary have to be caused by gaining fathers acceptance. Gaining fathers acceptance and good grades may result from a common cause. c) This program is an example of Simpson’s paradox because it demonstrates the problems might happen with gender hidden information concerning the two programs intake. Program A was easier to get admitted when compared to program B. Program A interested Men more while Program B interested Women More. This is an instance of coincidences which is the surprising concurrence of events perceived meaningfully related but with no apparent causal connection. If one of them, I would consider the occurrence amazing due to its concurrence to the dream. No. This is not true since it is based on the gamblers fallacy which is a common misconception since in any specific sequence; the sequence of heads and tails is just as likely as any other if the coin is fair hence making the whole thing a misconception. This is because it touches on issues of reality. One would be bothered if he was distant from the mother and by the fact that the person has gone to seek a psychic means he is unsure of himself and people can have two complexions which is light complexion or a darker complexion. This is a case of coincidences that may only seem improbable. When the guy says he will do so, the probability can become so large than when you watch him play from a far. This could also be from his daily experiences which may make some appear to be improbable. When many samples of size n are taken, the frequency curve of p’hats’ from the many samples will be bell shaped with a standard deviation given by √(true proportion)*(1- true proportion)/(sample size). c) A

Benefit Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benefit Corporations - Essay Example fit Corporations differ from other normal corporations based on the aspects of transparency in their operations, accountability to the state and specific purposes (Overton, et. al, 76). However, when it comes to taxation, there is no difference as they are all taxed in a similar manner. Benefit Corporations pursue a wide goals aimed at promoting the welfare of the society around it beside the profit-making motive. This separates them from other corporations that only focus only on maximizing profits to benefit the shareholders. The benefit corporations as opposed to other corporations are in a position to increase their fiduciary duty of their directors so as to have them consider non-financial stakeholders while at the same time their financial interests. Benefit Corporations have a number of provisions based on their purpose, accountability, transparency and right of action. The purpose of a benefit corporation to create a general public benefit. The directors are fully accountable to all the stakeholders of the corporation. Transparency in benefit corporations is ensured through publishing of annual Benefit Report that is delivered to all the stakeholders through the public website and circulars to all shareholders. The shareholders as well as the directors of Benefit Corporations have the right of action against violation of any of their duties. The structure of a benefit corporation is composed by a minimum status vote which is mainly a 2/3 in most of the states. Some of the benefits of a Benefit Corporation besides the general public benefit include improvement of human health, increasing the flow of capital to public entities to ensure proper benefit, preservation of the environment, promotion of economic empowerment to communi ties and individuals and provision of low-income individuals or communities with beneficial products and initiatives. Patagonia is among the first corporations to be registered in the state of California as a Benefit Corporation.

Various forms of the supernatural in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Various forms of the supernatural in Macbeth Essay Shakespeare uses various forms of the supernatural in Macbeth, such as the witches, ghosts, visions and even Lady Macbeth. However, before analysing how and why he utilised the supernatural, it must first be ascertained why he was able to make use of the supernatural. At the time in which Shakespeare wrote Macbeth (the beginning of the 17th century) it was widely believed that witches existed and possessed evil powers, the most common and stereotypical of which were known to all people of this period. Even the king (James I) upheld this belief as is demonstrated in his essay entitled Daemonologie in which he states, The fearefull aboundinge at this time in this countrie, of these detestable slaves of the Devil, the witches or enchanters, hath moved me. Therefore it was possible for Shakespeare to make use of the supernatural in Macbeth as his contemporary audience would have readily believed it. His use of the supernatural in Macbeth could also be seen as flattery of the king by Shakespeare, showing his support for the kings theories in order to win his favour and even donation towards Shakespeares future productions. Shakespeare uses the supernatural to create a certain ambiguity: was Macbeth thoroughly evil, or did the witches directly lead him to his ultimate destruction? Firstly, with his use of language and description, he creates a terrifying image of the three witches to deliberately frighten the audience. He also makes use of stereotypical ideas about witches to make it clear that these are real witches, witches that the audience of the time would have believed in without question. He incorporates both of these factors with the stage direction of Thunder and lightening every time the witches enter. Bad weather conditions such as thunder, lightening and rain are still a common tool used to create frightening situations in horror films of today. However, Shakespeare does not only suggest the supernatural but actually states the three hags to be witches. The use of three is also notable as it is supposed to be a magical or mystical number. In the first act, the witches are already predicting the future That will be ere the set of sun, which is a supernatural power the Jacobean audience believed witches to possess. Another common belief about witches is introduced in the first act by the lines, I come Graymalkin, and, Paddock calls. Witches were thought to have familiars which were demons who helped with their evil work. Therefore, by the end of the first act, Shakespeare has already established that these are real witches with real powers, thereby indicating that the supernatural is going to play a significant part in the play. Throughout the play Shakespeare deliberately includes these widely believed powers that witches were supposed to have, which suggests that the witches and the supernatural do affect the outcome of events and that Macbeth was not entirely to blame. The line, Sleep shall neither night nor day hang upon his penthouse lid, is an example of the witches power over humans and could also suggest that when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth cannot sleep later in the play, the witches might have something to do with this. There is therefore a constant reminder of the fact that it could be the witches controlling things but alternatively there is still the possibility that they merely suggest and Macbeth is indeed in control of his own actions. In Act 1 Scene 3 the real powers of the witches are reiterated in preparation for the entry of Macbeth. The common practises of witches are once again included, such as that they could sail in a sieve and turn themselves into animals, in a sieve Ill thither sail, and like a rat without a tail and also that they had the ability to change the weather Ill give thee a wind. The point of the line, Yet it shall be tempest -tossed. is to really instil in the audience the power of the supernatural and this is aided by the rhythmic chant that is built up by this spell. Shakespeare is portraying the witches as a powerful team of wicked, evil women, all in preparation for Macbeth to enter. This appears to indicate that Shakespeare is showing the audience that the supernatural will have power over Macbeth just as they had power over the Master of the Tiger. An important aspect, however, in deciding on Macbeths responsibility for his actions is the fact that he asks the witches to speak Speak if you can, he invites the supernatural into his life. At this point, the witches ability to foresee the future is used again in the form of two predictions. The first is that he will be Thane Of Cawdor, this is frightening for the audience as they already know he will get this title and therefore their prediction is obviously correct . The second prediction is that he shalt be king hereafter. This poses the question: are the witches merely giving Macbeth the suggestion from which he formulates the idea himself, are they simply telling him his fate, or is it the witches actions that cause Macbeth to carry out the deed of killing Duncan. It is noticeable that after this prediction Macbeth is said to be rapt withal, indicating that he is shocked by this but at this point he is still able to dismiss all dishonourable thoughts. In Act 4 Scene 1, Shakespeares use of language to create a grotesque and terrifying image of the supernatural can be seen once again. The use of repulsive and cruel images such as, Finger of birth-strangle babe, ditch-delivered by a drab, illustrate the gruesome scenes deliberately included by Shakespeare to terrify the audience. The horror is portrayed with the use of an onomatopoeic chant, Double, double toil and trouble; fire burn and cauldron bubble. This line also sounds particularly sinister as a result of the alliteration, assonance and consonance used together to create a powerful incantation. Common stereotypes are used yet again in the form of images of the night, such as darkness, moons eclipse and wool of bat. Disgusting images of dismembered reptiles are also included such as, Adders fork, and blind-worms sting, lizards leg A contemporary reference is made by the words blaspheming Jew and nose of Turk, and Tartars lips because the audience would have been completely Christian and these peoples would have been destined for hell. Once the seen has been set, the witches can play a significant role in that they give Macbeth a false confidence by misleading him with riddles this is used by Shakespeare to create dramatic irony.

Voluntary Abortion or Compulsory Sterilization? :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Voluntary Abortion or  Compulsory Sterilization? Starting in the mid-1960s, some erosion of the anti-abortion laws began to take place. But these efforts have not been supported by many of the more vocal groups who are trying to do something about excess population growth; to them, compulsory birth control and compulsory sterilization are apparently more palatable than voluntary abortion. The result is legal chaos--which has been the situation with reference to abortion since it was first made illegal in this country. Contrary to popular belief, the legal strictures against abortion are of comparatively recent origin. Until the early nineteenth century--at common law both in England and in the United States--abortion before quickening was not illegal at all. It became so only in the early 1800s. And according to Professor Cyril Means and others who have studied the problem, the reason for the enactment of the laws was not protection of morals or of the "soul" of the fetus, but rather a reflection of the fact that at the time all surgical procedures were highly risky because of the probability of infection (this was before Lister). Abortions were made illegal for this reason except where they were necessary to save the life of the mother; that is, where the great risk of infection which every operation involved was outweighed by the risk of carrying that particular pre gnancy to term. The situation is today reversed; abortion under modern hospital conditions is safer than childbirth. Nor is there any evidence that abortion involves psychological health hazards. A poll of the American Psychiatric Association in the mid-1960s revealed overwhelming support for more easily available abortions and a conviction that adverse psychological sequelae from abortion are negligible both on an absolute standard and as compared with such sequelae from childbirth and unwanted children. Though the population experts have not yet aligned themselves on the side of abortion-law reform, something is beginning to happen. Seven states--Arkansas, California, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, New Mexico, and North Carolina--have amended their laws to permit abortion not only to save life but also to protect the health, mental and physical, of the mother, in cases of rape and incest, and to avert the birth of defective offspring (Governor Reagan forced the omission of this ground in the California law). Many other states have been and are now considering abortion reform or repeal bills but usually without the support of the powerful groups who are backing other forms of population control.

Lenin’s View of Economic Policies in Russia Essay

Lenin’s view of economic polices in Russia between 1917 and 1923 was shaped by the factors of War Communism, and the New Economic Plan (NEP). Lenin realized that to have a successful economy and to keep the idea of equality in Communism there had to be a compromise; there needed to be a balance of state control and individual incentive for the economy to prosper. Through the failure of War Communism and the success of the economy and the drift away from Communism with the NEP; Lenin learned the ‘do’s and don’ts’ of a successful economy. Lenin described what the country needed to do to have a successful economy, he said, † We have found that a degree of private commercial interest, with state supervision and control of that interest, is all we actually need†¦ (doc. 5). This shows how both War Communism and the NEP were factors that shaped Lenin’s compromising idea of what a economy needed to be successful. The War Communism policy was adopted to keep the Red Army supplied. During War Communism the government took control of industry, and told factories what to produce; and the government would take any grain that was produced by the farmers. The Cheka would steel the grain that the farmers produced, this made the farmers angry and they no longer had any incentive to grow crops because the crops would just be taken away from them. Also money became worthless, wages were paid in food or other goods, and many people bartered goods instead of using money. The situation for the farmers and the peasants got worse. By 1921 Russia’s economy was shattered. Industrial production had drastically decreased; and the cities were in chaos. Agriculture had been demolished. War Communism was put in affect to increase the productivity of both industrial goods and food, but the workers and farmers saw no point in putting in the effort if in the end it would be taken away from them. War Communism led to the destruction of the economy of Russia. Lenin finally admitted that War Communism was a mistake, he said, â€Å"The small farmer needs a spur, and incentive that accords with his condition†¦ We are very much to blame for having gone to far; we overdid the nationalization of industry and trade, clamping down on the local exchange of commodities. Was that a mistake? It certainly was. (doc. 4)† This quote is an example of how Lenin realized that he had made a mistake and this quote also shows that Lenin understands that the workers and farmers need an incentive to work; with an incentive the economy will grow. Lenin’s view of economic policies was greatly influenced by the failure of War Communism, and by the failure he was able to figure out another system that would revive Russia’s economy. Lenin realized that to have a successful economy the people have to have the incentive to work. Lenin also knew that if he did not improve the economic state of Russia that the Communists would not survive; War Communism took the ‘safety net’ away from the Communists. Lenin had to act quickly to figure out another policy that would make the people want to work, and to revive the economy. In 1921 the NEP was created to fix the economy. Lenin created this new policy to try to burst the morale of the people and make them want to produce more grain or products. The transition form War Communism to the NEP was drastic, the people had to change there lives to fit this new, more capitalists society. Though the change to a more capitalist economy, the NEP was successful in ‘jump starting’ the farming production, for example. Lenin says, â€Å"Release of [surplus goods] into circulation would stimulate small farming, which is in terrible state†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (doc. 4) This is a great example of how Lenin realizes why he needs to change from the War Communism to the NEP, for a least one reason to increase the amount of grain produced. The creation of the NEP changed many laws that were once holding Russia’s economy back. Grain requisitioning was stopped. Grain was no longer taken from the peasants. Also traders could buy and sell goods, which was illegal during War Communism. Smaller factories were returned to their former owners; and they were allowed to sell the goods they made and make a profit from them. Finally larger industries like coal and steel remained under state control; but some larger factories were able to sell their products. These were some of the main differences between War Communism and NEP. During the NEP the economy prospered, because people were now allowed to keep some of the goods they made and then sell them for their own profit. This made the people want to produce more so they could have more for their family. Lenin described some of the good affects that the NEP had, he said, â€Å"We have achieved much with our requisitioning system. Our food policy has made it possible in the second year to acquire three times as much grain as in the first.† (doc. 2) Lenin was talking about the great increase in the production of grain, this great increase was directly related to the NEP; because the peasants could keep some of the grain they made which gave them an incentive to work hard. Communists were angry because they saw the country returning to capitalism. They did not like the fact that bosses of factories called kulacks could hire men to work for them. Also Communists disliked the ‘Nepmen’, because they made a high profit by buying goods cheaply and then selling them for more. Though the NEP revived the economy, people, especially peasants were unhappy with the new capitalist society. Lenin’s view of economic policies was changed through the NEP, he knew that people need the incentive to work, but he also knew he could not give the people to much economic freedom; the idea of balancing the policy of War Communism and NEP was Lenin’s final view of how to keep the people happy and to sustain a great economy.

Report: Louis R. Chênevert, United Technologies Corporation Essay

Louis R. Chà ªnevert was born in 1958 in the Quebec province of Canada. Raised on the outskirts of Montreal, Chà ªnevert spent his childhood and adolescent years close to his community. With close ties to the area, he attended the University of Montreal. In 1979, he graduated with a bachelor of commerce in product management. Upon graduating, Chà ªnevert was hired by the General Motors Corporation in St. Therese, a suburb of Montreal. From 1980 to 1994, Chà ªnevert spent the duration of his primary career at General Motors. During his employment, he continually pursued challenging positions. Before resigning in 1994, he achieved the position of Production General Manager; he was promoted to this position when he was only 33 years old. His pursuit of attaining challenging executive management positions did not end there; it was only the beginning. After resigning from General Motors, Chà ªnevert accepted the position as Vice President of Operations at Pratt & Whitney Canada, a su bsidiary of the United Technologies Corporation, UTC. While in Canada from 1994 to 1997, Chà ªnevert instituted what is called lean manufacturing principles; these principles immensely enhanced the plant’s efficiency. In turn, these principles stream lined operations and made the Canadian sister company of Pratt and Whitney a profitable business. In 1995, he was recognized by Quebec with the Nouveaux Performant award for â€Å"outstanding young leaders.† (Bloomberg/Businessweek) As Vice President of the Canadian operation of Pratt & Whitney, Chà ªnevert gained the respect of his fellow peers, and gained recognition by the executive management team of UTC. From 1997 through 2006, Chà ªnevert significantly ascended the corporate ladder. In 1997, he was appointed as the executive vice president of operations and aftermarket services for Pratt & Whitney’s Connecticut operations. This appointment laid the ground work in obtaining a thorough understanding of the core subsidiary business of UTC. In 1998, he was promoted to President of Pratt & Whitney’s Connecticut operations. And in 2006, Chà ªnevert continued his upward ascent in executive management as he became Chief Operating Officer of UTC. After becoming Chief Operating Officer, Chà ªnevert was groomed to be the successor of the then current CEO  and Chairman, George David. David took Chà ªnevert as his apprentice to prove to Wall Street and investors that Chà ªnevert had what it took to run a successful operation. (Wall Street Journal, On-Line) After two years of grooming, George David stepped down and handed the reins of the technology conglomerate to Chà ªnevert. The successful mentorship by George David, and quick study by Chà ªnevert, provided a smooth transition from one CEO to another. On April 9, 2008, Louis R. Chà ªnevert was appointed Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of UTC. Since his inception, UTC has diversified their portfolio with technology related mergers to further allow them to position themselves globally as a leader in the technology field. This diversification of U TC’s portfolio has allowed UTC to weather the current economic downturn better than many other corporations. His current yearly compensation of $1,435,000 is not merely as much as his bonus of $1,700,000. He was rewarded with $6,217,560. in restricted stock awards, and $11,149,152 in other compensation. His total compensation for 2009 ranked him 41st in CEO payout. (Forbes.com, CEO Compensation) What I find most striking about Louis R. Chà ªnevert’s role as a leader is his ability to leverage his experience from the past while listening attentively to his peers to make solid decisive business decisions. This approach allows him to make informed decisions when uncertainty is looming. He presents himself as an authority, yet conveys this authority politically correct. His professional business etiquette portrays him as a man of distinction. Besides having these strong leadership traits, his in-depth involvement as a philanthropist goes beyond giving exuberant donations. Chà ªnevert becomes deeply involved in monitoring how his donations are used. His work-social life balance projects an admirable image beyond that of a typical CEO. Outwardly, he conveys a confident distinguished image with an old world style mannerism. He is a CEO for our times. He combines the distinctive traits of listening, decisiveness, and philanthropy to leverage his authority in conducting sound decisions while keeping a positive outlook. He is a combination of many traits, but remains conservative in his approach to work. In such volatile economic times that we face today, Chà ªnevert has the leadership skills needed to successfully run this corporation while pursuing meaningful philanthropic obligations outside of the norm. Chà ªnevert’s ability to leverage his experience comes from a thorough understanding of the business  because he started at the bottom and worked his way up. This experience has allowed him to turn companies around during economic downturns while maintaining a positive attitude and workforce. This ability to see positiv e in unlikely situations has always found favor with fellow workers and shareholders. Bloomberg News recently interviewed Chà ªnevert who made the remark that â€Å"Bombardier has a ‘full pipeline’ of potential C-Series customers and expects order announcements by year-end.† (Bloomberg 09-01-10) Pratt and Whitney has been on the losing end of its share of commercial customers, but this news brings enthusiasm to their workers for developing the engines which will keep Pratt and Whitney in the commercial jet engine business. Not only has this re-invigorated the workforce in these unprecedented economic times, but it has kept UTC’s stock price in good standing when other companies are struggling. Chà ªnevert seems to always find a way with words even when faced with downsizing to stay competitive. In a recent article in â€Å"Aviation Week†, Chà ªnevert exclaimed â€Å"our results and diversified portfolio show Pratt is well positioned to withstand the tough times we have in front of us in the next few months. It’s a good posi tion to be in.† (Aviation Week, Morris) However, Chà ªnevert’s restructuring efforts for increased profitability has not always been favorable with fellow workers or local politicians. In order for UTC to stay within operating budgets, he was tasked with slashing thousands of jobs in Connecticut. While facing uncertainty in the current economic recession, the decision to downsize further was a decision he had to make immediately—and he did. This decision did not sit well with the Connecticut legislature either, but as Chà ªnevert explained, difficult times meant making difficult decisions to keep the corporation profitable. His experience from the past has led Pratt back to profitability while keeping the workforce and shareholders thinking positively. Chà ªnevert has always been known to give direction decisively in times of uncertainty. His ability to make hard decisions has proven his leadership ability. In difficult economic times, Chà ªnevert was able to make the tough decisions immediately to keep UTC in a positive profit margin. Tough choices need to be made and Chà ªnevert is no stranger to that. From his beginnings with UTC, Chà ªnevert has had to make tough choices regarding employee restructuring. When he became Vice President of operations in 1993 at Pratt and Whitney Canada, he faced poor financial performance with low  employee morale. His decision to restructure with changes in key management positions allowed Pratt Canada to rebound from a negatively performing business unit with low employee morale. This restructuring event led to positive financial results with higher than expected employee morale. Pratt and Whitney Canada is now considered one of the best Pratt facilities to work at. Besides restructuring at Pratt and Whitney Canada, Chà ªnevert’s role with investing in new technologies in Connecticut and driving the pursuit of quality excellence through UTC’s ACE, (Achieving Competitive Excellence) operating system has allowed Pratt and Whitney to exceed their financial and quality goals over the past couple of years. His focus on continued implementation and promotion of this system at a time of turmoil may have seemed to be risky, however, the results of doing so have been rewarding. Chà ªnevert understands competitiveness cannot be achieved without taking risks, and he understands inaction only leads to poor performance. From an online April 2008 Wall Street journal article titled, UTC, Textron profits get a lift from aerospace, Chà ªnevert boasts â€Å"this quarter’s results are further evidence that our business model, with its focus on global growth through market-leading franchises and cost reduction through the implementation of the ACE operating system, can deliver solid results even in a softening economic environment.† Chà ªnevert’s persistence in promoting continuous improvement is a testament to his ability to make difficult decisions in times of uncertainty. This approach to making informed decisions decisively shows his focus towards success. Furthermore, Chà ªnevert’s dedication to society through his commitment to charitable organizations, and investment in local and national interests goes beyond a good will gesture. He is recognized as a leader in all aspects of society. Chà ªnevert is an advisory member to several other boards within the local community and abroad. He is an avid advocate of cancer research and is heavily involved with getting funding to the appropriate research programs and projects. In a Yale Medical Publication, Chà ªnevert is recognized as not only a contributor, but a man who asks probing questions to further cancer research and give the patient the best care possible. Dr Richard L. Edelson says, â€Å"He understands the importance of having all the services for cancer patients in the same place, rather than dispersed throughout the medical center.† (Medicine @ Yale) Chà ªnevert gets involved. He listens, and gets results. His ability to put himself in other people’s places allows him to make great decisions regarding any endeavor he gets involved with. His dedication to the well being of local organizations is yet another testament to his leadership ability. There are skilled CEOs with exceptional experience, and there are also skilled CEOs with minimal experience. Very few have the varied traits and experience to perform at exceptional levels. Chà ªnevert has both these traits plus a new world ideology that allows him to operate in the toughest of economic times. I consider Chà ªnevert more than a business leader; he is multi faceted dynamic entrepreneur. Throughout Chà ªnevert’s career, he has been called upon to make change with every organization he has ever been affiliated with. Whether business or civic, his positive can do attitude has been a guiding light for his corporation and others to follow. He will lead UTC, and all organizations he is involved with to a new level of prosperity and good will. His ambition towards getting things right is no less than remarkable. Although new to the CEO position, Chà ªnevert will be recognized for his persistence of pursuing to understand, and executing decisively for results. In these unprecedented economic times, Chà ªnevert has the experience a corporation needs to not only withstand the current economic downturn, but to come out of it stronger than when it began. His ethical and moral values as a business leader and philanthropist should be a model other CEOs should follow for our country to once again lead in economic prosperity. Works Cited CEO Compensation. â€Å"#41 Louis R. Chà ªnevert†. 04-28-10. 6:00 pm edt. Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/12/boss-10_Louis-R-Chenevert_FTA5.html Hinton, Christopher. â€Å"UTC, Textron profits get a lift from aerospace.† Market Watch. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/united-technologies-textron-profits-gets-lift-from-aeropace.html. April 17, 2008. Layne, Richard. â€Å"Bombardier Posts Quarterly Earnings of 8 Cents a Share, Matching Estimates.† http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-01/bombardier-net-drops-27-percent-as-jet-deliveries-decline.html. Sept 1, 2010. Lunsford, Lynn. â€Å"Prepping a Successor to UTC’s David.† Wall Street Journal Online. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120768855981199187.html. April 9, 2008. Morris, John. â€Å"Louis Chenevert, President & CEO, Pratt & Whitney.† Aviation Week. http://www.aviationweek.com/shownews/02asial/newsmk10.htm. Medicine @ Yale. â€Å"Quick Study, bighearted contributor.† Vol 4. Issue 4. Sept/Oct 2008. http://www.medicineatyale.org/v4i4_sept_oct_2008/sept_oct_08.pdf. United Technologies Corp. UTX:New York. Bloomberg Business Week. http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=191172&ticker=UTX:US.

Free Essays on Analysis Of Toni Morrisons “Cinderellas Stepsisters“

Analysis of Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Cinderella’s Stepsisters† Toni Morrison presented a speech entitled â€Å"Cinderella’s Stepsisters† to a graduating class at Barnard College. In the course of her speech, Morrison parallels the stepsisters in â€Å"Cinderella† to many women of power today. The problems that Morrison presents are real, but her ideas my not be so realistic. Is equality among women achievable, or just an out of reach suggestion? Morrison begins by describing her discontent with the fairy tale. Morrison is disturbed that the story contains a group of women who join together to oppress another woman. She feels that this is a horrid example of how a female to female relationship should be. In earlier versions of â€Å"Cinderella,† the stepsisters are described as beautiful, attractive women of power. Morrison explains to the graduating women of Barnard College that they now have the same status and power of the stepsisters. Now that these women have obtained this power, Morrison asks them to use in a beneficial way. Morrison urges women not to participate in â€Å"professional violence, competitive violence, [or] emotional violence† (Morrison, 591) against their fellow women. Morrison suggests that â€Å"[women] pay as much attention to [their] nurturing sensibilities as to [their] ambition.†(Morrison, 591) Women need to recognize that other women are just as important as themselves. Morrison explains that women need to make selfless decisions. She recommends that women should not base their decisions on security and safety, for in life, you are never guaranteed either. Morrison explains that women’s rights are not only about equality between men and women, but also include women recognizing their fellow women’s rights. Without equality for each other, how can women ever be acknowledged equivalent to men? Morrison has managed to take hold of a modern problem and relate it to an old and well-known story. She ... Free Essays on Analysis Of Toni Morrison's â€Å"Cinderella's Stepsistersâ€Å" Free Essays on Analysis Of Toni Morrison's â€Å"Cinderella's Stepsistersâ€Å" Analysis of Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Cinderella’s Stepsisters† Toni Morrison presented a speech entitled â€Å"Cinderella’s Stepsisters† to a graduating class at Barnard College. In the course of her speech, Morrison parallels the stepsisters in â€Å"Cinderella† to many women of power today. The problems that Morrison presents are real, but her ideas my not be so realistic. Is equality among women achievable, or just an out of reach suggestion? Morrison begins by describing her discontent with the fairy tale. Morrison is disturbed that the story contains a group of women who join together to oppress another woman. She feels that this is a horrid example of how a female to female relationship should be. In earlier versions of â€Å"Cinderella,† the stepsisters are described as beautiful, attractive women of power. Morrison explains to the graduating women of Barnard College that they now have the same status and power of the stepsisters. Now that these women have obtained this power, Morrison asks them to use in a beneficial way. Morrison urges women not to participate in â€Å"professional violence, competitive violence, [or] emotional violence† (Morrison, 591) against their fellow women. Morrison suggests that â€Å"[women] pay as much attention to [their] nurturing sensibilities as to [their] ambition.†(Morrison, 591) Women need to recognize that other women are just as important as themselves. Morrison explains that women need to make selfless decisions. She recommends that women should not base their decisions on security and safety, for in life, you are never guaranteed either. Morrison explains that women’s rights are not only about equality between men and women, but also include women recognizing their fellow women’s rights. Without equality for each other, how can women ever be acknowledged equivalent to men? Morrison has managed to take hold of a modern problem and relate it to an old and well-known story. She ...

Managers Report for Team Researching Ethics Essay

Managers Report for Team Researching Ethics - Essay Example Each team member knows what his role his, and he does his best to fulfill it. So far, there has not been any whining, complaining, or laziness in any of the team members' attitudes. We all work well together, and it seems as if everyone has enjoyed working on this project. Steve did most of the work preparing the PowerPoint presentation, but he didn't seem to mind much. The rest of the team members were allowed to have some input on what went into the presentation and on what was said during the presentation, since each of us took a part of it. The only main interpersonal problem that came up in the meeting was that DJ was being kind of a nuisance to the rest of the group. There were times that he would say things to throw us off track, and this irritated the rest of us. It was easy to deal with, though, because I just told him that he was bothering us, and he quit. When he stayed on task, he did come up with some very good ideas. Also, he talked a lot, which helped the other members of the group (especially the ones who didn't say much) open up more and share more of their ideas. There have been no other major problems, stresses, or challenges. As mentioned before, everyone gets along with each other, for the most part. And, even when tense situations do come up, they are easy to deal with because each person in the group respects all the others, and we are all willing to work together to make this project successful. Our team's special streng... Our team's special strength is its ability to work together to accomplish a common goal. We can all see what needs to be done, and we are all willing to cooperate with each other to do it. Each person takes responsibility for his own work, and no one tries to take all the praise for the team's efforts for himself. We are all aware that we have each played a role in the successful completion of this project. Since this is the end of the project, there is not much that needs to be done to enhance the team's dynamics. Really, not much would need to be done, anyway, since this team has worked so well together throughout the course of the project. Comments on my experience as a manager I planned on reviewing and finalizing the research paper and the PowerPoint presentation that was presented on Thursday, December 7. I planned on assigning the parts of the presentation each person was responsible for, and timing how long the entire presentation was. I also planned to schedule a time when we could do a dress rehearsal of the presentation as a group. I kept everyone on task, as much as possible, and directed the meeting to the best of my abilities, stressing the importance of class participation and attendance. I would say, since all of these goals were met, that I was very successful at accomplishing them all. My take-charge attitude served me very well in my role as team manager. Evidence of this is the fact that I did not let DJ distract us from getting our work done. The paper and the presentation were reviewed and finalized, and our future meetings were scheduled. Also, my interpersonal awareness helped me to notice

Discuss the importance of racialized space Annotated Bibliography

Discuss the importance of racialized space - Annotated Bibliography Example Both space and racialized space are very powerful in shaping the society. This paper highlights on importance of race, space and racialized space. It also explores on other related questions. First and foremost, racialized space as theoretical and practical tool is very instrumental to examination of racialization of various cities in the United States. Racialization is part of everyone’s life after being inscribed in space. In is noteworthy that racial system of privilege and oppression have always included perceptions of space, however, they vary in significantly in varied eras. In the United States of America, particularly in Virginia before racilaization of slaves, African slaves and English indentured servants stayed in same quarters and performed similar duties (Barot & Bird, 2001). The African slaves and the American could also intermarry as a result of race and space. The development of racial chattels was aimed at compelling the colonial rulers to segregate African slaves and English servants. Generally, the separation was social, economic, and legal. The plantations in the late 17th century limited the extent of the spatial separation of the races. One o f the most important instances as witnessed during this period was that plantation system was the intimate physical space that the slave masters shared with the enslaved. According to Virginia slave ordinance, demanded that slaves who were manumitted to leave the state (Eduardo, 1997). This was a tacit recognition that freed blacks living in the plantation which would be detrimental to slavery. Secondly, geographic separation of Native Americans from whites was an instrumental process in seizing native peoples’ lands and converting them to private property and United States territory. This separation was encoded in the policy of the US following the passage of the Indian removal Act in 1830. This creation of geographic